Recent advances in modeling response-time distributions in real-time systems

Real-time systems are an important class of process control systems that need to respond to events under time constraints, or deadlines. Such systems may also be required to deliver service in spite of hardware or software faults in their components. This fault-tolerant characteristic is especially critical in systems whose failure can cause economic disaster and/or loss of lives. This paper reports recent research in the area of analytical modeling of the three major characteristics of real-time systems: timeliness, dependability, and external environmental dependencies. The paper starts with a brief introduction to analytical modeling frameworks such as Markov models and stochastic petri nets. This is followed by an examination of advances in modeling response-time distributions, reliability, distributed messaging services, and software fault-tolerance in real-time systems. © 2003 IEEE.